Pain during sex, medically known as dyspareunia, is more common than many women realise. However, it should never be considered normal. Persistent discomfort can affect both physical wellbeing and relationships, and often has an identifiable, treatable cause.
Types of pain
Understanding where the pain occurs helps identify the cause:
- Superficial pain (at entry)
- Deep pain (during deeper penetration)
Common causes
Vaginal dryness
Often linked to:
- Hormonal changes
- Menopause
- Breastfeeding
- Certain medications
Infections
Conditions such as thrush or sexually transmitted infections can cause inflammation and discomfort.
Endometriosis
A chronic condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, often causing deep pelvic pain.
Pelvic floor dysfunction
Tight or overactive pelvic floor muscles can make penetration painful.
Psychological factors
Anxiety, past trauma, or stress can contribute to physical symptoms.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
- Lubricants and vaginal moisturisers for dryness
- Hormonal treatments (e.g. Topical oestrogen)
- Antifungal or antibiotic medication for infections
- Pelvic floor physiotherapy for muscle dysfunction
- Specialist management for conditions like endometriosis
- Psychosexual counselling where appropriate
When to seek help
- Pain persists over time
- Pain worsens
- You avoid intimacy due to discomfort
Final thoughts
Pain during sex is treatable. Seeking specialist advice can significantly improve both comfort and quality of life.
Faqs
Can painful sex be psychological?
Yes, but physical causes should always be ruled out first.
Will treatment work?
In most cases, yes—especially with correct diagnosis.
Yes—tracking helps identify patterns and supports diagnosis.
If you would like to discuss any concerns you have on this subject, please contact the London Gynaecologist to book an appointment
